StudentShare
Contact Us
Sign In / Sign Up for FREE
Search
Go to advanced search...
Free

Gynecological Cytology Analysis - Case Study Example

Cite this document
Summary
The author of the paper under the title "Gynecological Cytology Analysis" will begin with the statement that communication both to the patient and other health care-related agencies is one of the most important aspects of clinical functioning…
Download full paper File format: .doc, available for editing
GRAB THE BEST PAPER98.6% of users find it useful

Extract of sample "Gynecological Cytology Analysis"

Follow up on a Gynecological Cytology Report Name: Institution: Follow up on a Gynecological Cytology Report Communication both to the patient and other health care related agencies is one of the most important aspect of clinical functioning. Regarding the results obtained from the pathology provider, a number of issues have to be discussed with Maria to build a better therapeutic doctor-patient relationship in order to deliver a high quality health care service. The important issues that need to be discussed with Maria include making her understand the test result by simplifying the doctor terms used in reporting of the results to what she can understand. She also needs to know what to do after the test; whether she requires immediate treatment or wait for another test, and why she may need the treatment. In addition, she needs to know the treatment options available for abnormal cervical cell growth. The treatment options basically aim in destroy or remove the abnormal cells. The doctor decides which treatment is suitable for the patient. The following issues have to be discussed with Maria. Interpretation of Diagnosis Test Results to Maria Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion means an abnormal squamous cell growths on the cervix surface. Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion is a type of abnormal cell growths also known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia type I (CIN 1) or mild dysplasia. In low-grade lesions, changes in cell size, shape and number on the cervix start to develop, with only a few cell abnormal characteristics and the cervix is not affected much. CIN 1 grade implies that about one third of the thickness of the cell lining that covers the surface of the cervix have an abnormal growth. A pap smear is performed to detect if abnormal growth of cells is occurring on the cervix. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) composes a group of viruses that are highly contiguous and affect the cervix. Infection with HPV can cause abnormal growth of tissues and other changes in cells in the cervix, with a possible lead to cervical cancer. LSIL is an indication of likely possibility of cervical dysplasia. It normally indicates cervical intraepithelial neoplasia type I (CIN 1), which is more likely to be caused by HPV infection diagnosed on a Pap smear (Nauth, 2011). Implication of the abnormal results Having been diagnosed with a low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion is not an indication that one is infected with cancer. The presence of cancer is normally detected by the presence of abnormal growth of tissues caused by uncontrolled growth of cells that are abnormally structured and in a primitive form. However, the detection of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion is a change in cell growths prior cancer infection and is a likely indication that cervical cancer may occur later in life. The chances of existence of invasive cervical cancer after showing up of low grade intraepithelial lesion on a pap smear is 1 percent. Within a period of 24 months after a Pap smear test, only 1 percent of women with low grade intraepithelial lesion are invaded with cancer. LSIL or CIN 1 disappears on its own after sometime without developing into invasive cervical cancer. A re-test is supposed to be carried out after 12 months to confirm if the growth of the abnormal cervical cells will still persist. In order for cervical cancer to progress from CIN 1, it takes approximately ten years (Hasan, 2009). Why Maria may need treatment Test results show that Maria has low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial lesion, which is a mild change in cells. This abnormal cervical screening test result means that there are changes in the cells on the surface of her cervix that require treatment. Even though the chances of these abnormal cell growth turning into severe cervical cancer are minimal, there will be increased risk of these cells developing into a full blown cervical cancer in her future life. If this abnormal growth of cells is left untreated, then CIN 1 can progress to severe dysplasia, hence, the need for aggressively following the result by performing biopsy and colposcopy to establish the persistence of the abnormal growth of cervical cells. Follow-Up of test results There are various follow-up options for abnormal Pap test results depending on the severity of infection. In most cases, the abnormal cells grow back to the normal state on their own, but others may develop into cervical cancer if not treated earlier after detection. The following are the possible follow-ups for Maria’s abnormal Pap test results. Repeating the Pap test The Pap smear test will be repeated after 12 months to see if the problem still persists. There are high chances that the abnormal cell changes will not turn into cancer. Like most women, Maria will not require special treatment or surgery, but instead, she will follow the scheduled Pap test. The Pap test will monitor if there is any changes in cell growth after 12 months. Cervical cells normally change slowly and it is only after sometime that recommendation for treatment of the infected cervical cells can be verified. The treatment of cervical cancer may not be comfortable, has risks and can be associated with some side effects, and for this reasons, it has to be established that Maria will need the treatment. Minor cell changes that occur like in the case of LSIL rarely become severe, and would possibly disappear on its own after some time. More testing required HPV type test Even though this test has been carried out, it is important to known if the HPV type of high risk is present. The test will check for the DNA or genetic material of the HPV virus. There are a several types of HPV viruses; some cause warts or some may not even show any symptoms. The high risk types of HPV include type 16, 18, 31 and 45. These types of HPV cause abnormal changes in the cells on the surface of the cervix. To protect Maria against development of cervical cancer as a result of HPV infection, a HPV vaccine can be issued. If the patient is infected by high risk HPV, then further tests such as colposcopy and cervical biopsy will be recommended (Borruto & Ridder, 2012). Colposcopy and Cone biopsy When the Pap test concludes that there is abnormal growth of cells in the cervix, colposcopy test is recommended. The test should be done to check the cervix using a special kind of magnifying device and see if a problem exists. If a problem is found during colposcopy, a sample of biopsy will be taken from endocervical canal of the cervix. Colposcopy will also reveal if other problems such as sore and genital warts exist around the cervix or the vagina. Before carrying out colposcopy and biopsy, a urine or blood test should be done to Maria to know if she might be pregnant. In addition, information on any other medication, allergy to some medicines, bleeding problems or treatment against vaginal or pelvic infection has to be provided by Maria. This will help in making important decisions regarding any further treatments. Test for presence of other infections Other tests will have to be carried out to establish the presence of other infections such as bacterial infection, sexually transmitted infections or yeast infection. Further treatment options available Cryosurgery This is the where a doctor uses very extreme cold temperatures to destroy the abnormal precancerous cells on the cervix by freezing. The freezing temperature is introduced into the lower part of the uterus through a probe. The probe has a liquid nitrogen cooled below a temperature of -20oC. Other procedures that are meant to control bleeding or pain are cooled to a temperature above -20oC to protect other tissues from damage. The risks of these surgery are rare but may include: infection, bleeding and sometimes, cervical stenosis, which may cause increased cramping during menstrual periods of difficulty in getting pregnant. Although sometimes bleeding and/or cramping can occur, this procedure is relatively painless and does not scare the patient. For optimal treatment, the “ice ball” is placed on the surface of the cervix for three minutes, to kill all the superficial layer of abnormal cells. The patient can immediately resume almost all the normal activities after the surgery has been performed. However, avoidance of having sexual intercourse and douching can be recommended for the next several weeks. A patient will also experience some watery virginal discharge as a result of the dead cervical tissues being shaded. Sometimes, she may feel light-headed, which may lead to fainting immediately after performing the procedure. In case this happens, the patient is laid down flat to remove the sensation of fainting after the surgery. Laser Surgery (Laser therapy/Laser ablation) In this treatment procedure, a CO2 laser beam to burn off the abnormal cells. The vagina is held open and a laser beam is directed at the abnormal areas. The laser beam, being strong and hot, it burns off the abnormal cells. A patient may notice a burning smell as the treatment proceeds. Most women will resume their normal activities after 2-3 days after the surgery, and should expect virginal discharge as a result of the dead abnormal cervical cells. Sexual intercourse and douching should be avoided, until after 2-3 weeks (Spencer, 2009). Conclusion Cervical cancer in women is as a result of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, which is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infections of high risk. A Pap smear test done on Maria shows abnormal growth of cells in her cervix. Sometimes, this abnormal growth of cells if left untreated, CIN 1 can progress to severe dysplasia. A follow-up will ensure that biopsy and colposcopy is performed to provide the required precancerous treatment. Another Pap smear test done after 12 months will check if the abnormal growth of cervical cells is persistent and if it could develop into full-blown cancer. This results should not worry Marry because this is not yet cervical cancer. The changes in cell growth are minor and most of the time, these minor changes will be back to normal just by their own. The follow-up treatment can be done to prevent these minor growths from developing in to serious changes, which are called pre-cancer and they are not yet cancer as well. References Read More
Cite this document
  • APA
  • MLA
  • CHICAGO
(Follow up on a Gynecological Cytology Analysis Case Study, n.d.)
Follow up on a Gynecological Cytology Analysis Case Study. https://studentshare.org/health-sciences-medicine/2065086-follow-up-a-gynaecological-cytology-report
(Follow up on a Gynecological Cytology Analysis Case Study)
Follow up on a Gynecological Cytology Analysis Case Study. https://studentshare.org/health-sciences-medicine/2065086-follow-up-a-gynaecological-cytology-report.
“Follow up on a Gynecological Cytology Analysis Case Study”. https://studentshare.org/health-sciences-medicine/2065086-follow-up-a-gynaecological-cytology-report.
  • Cited: 0 times

CHECK THESE SAMPLES OF Gynecological Cytology Analysis

Cytotechnology in Saudi and Cytotechnology in the US

Even though people found these cancer cells, it was such a new concept to them that they did not make any effort to use cytology in a systematic approach to diagnosing cancer during the time.... This paper ''Cytotechnology in Saudi and Cytotechnology in the US'' tells us that cytotechnology is the branch of science that is involved in studying cells....
18 Pages (4500 words) Research Paper

Neural Mechanisms of Sexual Behavior

Sex-determining Region Y (SRY) analysis soon succeeded the Barr test, testing the presence of an important gene in male development (Willard, 2001).... The initial gender-determination tests included parading athletes naked before a panel of judges who performed gynecological examinations....
5 Pages (1250 words) Research Paper

Human Papilloma Virus - Infection Control Issues

The paepr "Human Papilloma Virus - Infection Control Issues" critically reviews recent concepts in genital HPV linked to diseases, disease prevention, viral prevention, viral testing, and treatment.... Health Canada's strategies for the control of human papillomavirus infection are represented.... ...
6 Pages (1500 words) Essay

General Overview of Cervical Cancer

Molecular analysis of the disease shows that the etiology of cervical cancer in young women and old women is similar (Smith et al.... This research paper "General Overview of Cervical Cancer" explores some aspects of cervical cancer.... The cervix is the lower portion of a woman's uterus....
5 Pages (1250 words) Research Paper

Nursing Theory Comparisons

This assignment "Nursing Theory Comparisons" discusses the nursing theory that has been used to categorize an array of perspectives in the wide domain of knowledge in nursing.... These theories are perceived as well-articulated systems of distinct concepts.... ... ... ... Doucet and Bournes published a survey of research guided by Human Becoming Theory, and they have identified 93 human-becoming guided research studies, which have used either a phenomenological or a qualitative descriptive research method....
12 Pages (3000 words) Assignment

Cervical Cytology

Since then, the “pap smear” as it is called in honor of its discoverer, has been used world-wide for the routine screening of females in an effort to decrease the incidence of this common type of gynecological cancer in women....   Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women world-wide, and is associated with significant mortality rates The most recent statistics in the UK indicate that in 2005 2,800 women were diagnosed with cervical carcinoma, resulting in 950 deaths....
13 Pages (3250 words) Essay

Value of Liquid Based Cytology Compared to Conventional Smear in Fine Needle Aspiration of Cytology

On specimen analysis, the ThinPrep smears were reliably devoid of obfuscating elements, and the cells were finely preserved and evenly dispersed.... "Value of Liquid Based cytology Compared to Conventional Smear in Fine Needle Aspiration of cytology" paper focuses on FNAC which proves to be better than conventional smear in several ways.... Also termed Fine Needle Aspiration cytology (FNAC), it is a simple, quick and inexpensive method used to diagnose superficial surface masses, and is especially useful in sampling the accessible head and neck masses in the outpatient departments (Pilotti et al 1993)....
9 Pages (2250 words) Essay

Vaginal Discharge and Abnormal Cervical Smears

However, vaginal discharge is also considered as one of the primary gynecological symptoms that prompt women to seek consultation in primary care (Anderson & Karasz, 2004; Mitchell, 2004).... The present discourse 'Vaginal Discharge and Abnormal Cervical Smears' elaborates causes of vaginal discharge and infection (HPV, trichomonas, Candidiasis, Bacterial Vaginosis, chlamydia, Gonococcal, Actinomyces, Herpes simplex) and the correlation of vaginal secretion and deviant cervical odor....
13 Pages (3250 words) Term Paper
sponsored ads
We use cookies to create the best experience for you. Keep on browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies.
Contact Us